1770 - The former Siamese ruler, King Mahin, dies as prisoner on the way to Burma.
1575-1578 - Cambodia makes a series of attacks on Ayutthaya, but none succeeds because of the strength of the newly organized forces of the Siamese.
1581 - King Bhueng Noreng of Burma is peacefully succeeded by his son Nanda Bhueng who isn’t a military genius like his father.
1584, May 3 - 15 years after the fall of Ayutthaya, Prince Naresuan openly denounces, with the consent of his father King Maha Tammaraja, Siam’s allegiance to Burma.
1584, Dec - A Burmese army composed of about 300,000 men attacks Siam but fails. In his defence of Siamese territory, Prince Naresuan applies a strategy of scorched earth, retreating but leaving Siamese towns and outposts burned down to avoid that the Burmese can use them.
1586 - Prince Naresuan attacks Chiang Mai, then under Burmese rule, and regains the kingdom as vassal of Siam.
1586, Nov - Nanda Bhueng forms an army of 250,000 men, preparing a new attack on Ayutthaya.
1587, Jan - The Burmese army attacks Siam but the resistance from the latter is so strong that heavy losses inflicted on the Burmese ultimately force them to retreat.
1587 - Cambodia invades Siamese territory, again trying to take advantage of a Burmese-Siamese war. Due to lack of supplies on the side of the Siamese, conquest could have been possible for the Cambodians but the strategies of Prince Naresuan save Ayutthaya.
1590, Jul - King Maha Tammaraja dies and Prince Naresuan is crowned King of Ayutthaya.
1590, Nov - A Burmese army of about 200,000 men attacks Ayutthaya but is repelled.
1592, Dec - With the attack of a 250,000 men army, Burma makes its final effort to re-conquer Ayutthaya. During a skirmish, Burmese Crown Prince Min Chit Sra is killed. Thereafter, Burmese forces retreat. Thai troops refrain from chasing the Burmese as another Burmese army in the north of the kingdom is at the point of attacking Chiang Mai. However, the attack on Chiang Mai is recalled when the Burmese King is informed of the death of his son.
1593 - The turn has come for the Siamese to try their luck in foreign conquest. At first, two Siamese armies attack southern Burmese territories. The two armies are under the leadership of Generals Chao Phaya Chakri and Phaya Praklong. The former invades and occupies Tenasserim after 15 days while the latter conquers Tavoy after 20 days (both now southern Burmese cities). Because of their achievements, the danger for Ayutthaya of being conquered by Burma becomes nil.
1593, May - King Naresuan sends a 100,000-men expedition to Cambodia. Knowing the strength of the invaders, many Cambodian provinces surrender without resistance. The King of Cambodia and his two sons flee. Cambodia is placed under a Siamese military governor.
1594 - Because of King Nanda Bhueng’s mental instability, Burma’s peace and order condition worsens. Many Burmese seek refuge in Ayutthaya.
1596, Dec - Ayutthaya invades Burma again. with the intention of reducing her to a state of irrelevance. The invasion is no particular success as some of Siam’s allies fail to deliver promised support.
1598 - Trade between Spain and Ayutthaya begins when a Spanish envoy comes to Ayutthaya to conclude the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the two nations.
1600, May - King Naresuan invades the Burmese principality of Taungu. As the invasion is made when the Siamese forces are under unfavorable conditions due to sickness and starvation suffered in lower Burma, Taungu is able to repel the attack.
1605, May 16 - King Naresuan dies at Muang Hang, a Siamese territory, during a military campaign, leaving behind neither wife nor children. His brother Prince Ekatotsarot ascends the throne.
