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Iraq / History / Arab Conquests

A new era began with the Arab conquests in AD 637 when tribes from Arabia, bearing the message of Islam, conquered Mesopotamia. The early conquests outside Arabia by Muslim armies spread throughout the territory previously weakened by conflicts between the Sassanid Empire and the Byzantines to the west. The Muslims established their first dynasty, the Umayyad, with their capital at Damascus in Syria. By 750 conflicts over the succession of rulers and discord between Arab and Persian Muslims led to a change in rule, and the Abbasid dynasty in Iraq was established with its capital at Baghdad.

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